Air Conditioner Noise Regulations NSW
Aug 8, 2019 | Rod Marchant-Smith
Table Of Contents
Preamble
Air conditioner noise and planning requirements are a contentious issue; this would be one of the understatements of the century. There can be good grounds for complaint…
Unfortunately, some neighbours are out there just looking for an excuse to have a whinge and make your life difficult. So let’s look at things in a bit more detail.
Legislation
Before we go any further it’s important to define the applicable Laws and terminology for air conditioner noise regulations so we can better understand what we are supposed to be doing.
Here’s what the NSW Government has to say…
NSW Government Planning Department
You don’t need permission from the council to install an air-conditioning unit for your home if:
- It is for a home or house
Location
- It is not attached to a wall or roof that faces a primary road
- It is not in front of the building line to the primary road
- It is at least 450mm from any boundary
- It will be attached to the external wall of a building or be ground-mounted
- Where the unit is wall-mounted, it is not higher than 1.8m above ground level
- Please be aware that;
- If your property is a listed heritage item or draft heritage item the unit is to be ground-mounted only and cannot be wall-mounted
- If your property is located within a heritage conservation area or draft heritage conservation area the unit must be in the backyard
Other
- The installation of the air-conditioning must not affect the structural integrity of the building
- The installation of the air-conditioning must not reduce the fire resistance level of any wall
- Please speak with your air-conditioning unit supplier and ensure that your unit does not produce noise that exceeds 5dB(A) above the ambient background noise level during that day
- At night, noise from the air-conditioning unit is not heard in the habitable room of a neighbour’s house
You do need permission to install a residential air-conditioner if:
- You do not meet all of the above requirements
These guidelines are based upon two important other pieces of legislation. The Protection of the Environment Operations Act 1997 (POEO) states that ‘offensive’ noise must not be created. Clearly, this is subjective but, for air conditioners, most councils would apply a limit of the existing background noise level (at the quietest time of day that the AC is to be used and with any extraneous noise, including the AC, off) plus 5 decibels (dB). At night time the POEO Noise Control Regulations 2008 would apply; at this time the air conditioner must not be heard in any adjoining residence even if they have their windows and doors open.
Now, there is a difference between background noise and ambient noise.
- Ambient noise takes into account all the noises at a certain period in time.
- Background noise is defined much more tightly and is the noise that is the quietest 1.5 minutes in a 15-minutes period.
The guidelines above refer to background noise, not ambient noise and this has certain implications.
‘One-off’ sounds such as an aircraft taking off or a train passing are clearly not going to be included in background noise, whereas a busy road in use 24/7 would be.
Another important definition is the sound an air conditioner makes. All systems come with two sound ratings which at first glance appear fairly confusing.
- Sound Power Level – sometimes known as acoustic power level, is a measurement of the sound energy emitted from a source of the noise. The advantage to manufacturers of quoting this is that it is a value associated with a device and is not location or distance-dependent.
- Sound Pressure Level – is the measurement of the sound energy at a defined distance from the source. Most manufacturers quote the external value at a distance of 1.5 metres from the condenser.
So, now we understand the Laws and terminology let’s look at the issues…
What can you do?
Positioning
Get the basics right. Minimum 450mm from any boundary although preferably 3 metres if you can manage it, not over 1.8m high, not in front of the building line to the primary road and not close to your neighbours’ bedroom window. Do that and you’re pretty well there.
Sound levels
Ah, yes… the elephant in the room…
The only absolute way to be sure that you will comply with the noise part of the regulations is to commission an acoustical survey before installation. An acoustical consultant engineer will measure the background noise, find out the sound power level from the supplier and predict the sound pressure level at your neighbouring boundary, and in the end, you will have a report that you can use to select a system that meets all your needs. It costs approximately $1,000, +/- $400 depending upon complexity.
There are a number of other things you can do to limit potential problems.
- Talk to your neighbours, they may be absolutely fine about it anyway. It’s amazing how many people don’t do this when it could avoid a potential problem in the future.
- Locate the condenser as far away from the neighbouring boundary, and particularly neighbouring windows and bedrooms, as practicable.
- Look to see if your neighbours on either side have air conditioning themselves. If so positioning your condenser on the same side is likely to be perfectly OK.
- Select a quiet system; Daikin ducted and split systems are incredibly quiet.
- Select a system that has a night mode allowing you to further reduce the sound levels at night time; all Daikin systems have this.
- Install a high acoustic fence as a reflecting barrier. An acoustic fence is one without any holes or gaps, such as lapped and capped timber or Colorbond steel.
It should be noted that it is quite possible to hear an air conditioner even if it is 10 – 20 dB below background noise; the implications of this are clear that even though an air conditioner is quieter than background noise during the day, you still may not be able to use it at night time if your neighbours object.
Remember this is all so you don’t need to apply for a DA. So, if you think there are likely to be problems then formally lodging a Development Application may be the way to go.
Please understand that unless you commission an acoustic consultants report then it is not possible for us to say with 100% certainty that your installation will comply with the regulations. We would have to use guesswork to estimate the sound pressure level at your boundary and we are not competent engineers in this field. In practice, this means there may be additional costs incurred due to compliance issues should they arise.
Acknowledgement
I’d like to thank Ken Scannell MSc MAAS MIOA of Noise & Sound Services for his invaluable input into this article.
Ken is a specialist noise practitioner and his niche qualifications are:
- Masters Degree in Environmental Acoustics
- Institute of Acoustics Diploma in Acoustics and Noise Control – including Architectural Acoustics and Noise Control Engineering.
Ken has worked in this area since 1976 both in Europe and Australia. He spends most of his time solving industrial and environmental noise problems. Ken is a leading authority in noise management, has served on the Australian Acoustics Society Committee and has served on the Standards Australia Committees for acoustics (AV/1 and AV/3).
Ken has published 35 technical papers on noise and vibration between 1986 and 2008 including papers presented at both Oxford and Cambridge Universities in the UK.
He is a member (and past NSW Divisional secretary) of the Australian Acoustical Society (MAAS), the British Institute of Acoustics (MIOA), and an Associate Member of the Acoustical Society of America. Ken regularly carries out introductory noise training courses for the NSW Office of the Environment and Heritage (OEH), and has carried out training for the NSW Road and Traffic Authority (RTA) and the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Samoa.
He has been accredited to carry out the WorkCover (NSW) noise-training package.